Choosing to work with a Speech-Language Pathologist assists with the recovery of speech, including the physical and mental functions that assist it. The pathologist will focus on the muscles of the face, throat, and mouth, and cognitive functions such as the ability to formulate and recognize words. This will assist the patient in recovering their abilities to perform the basics of facial expression, their ability to chew, swallow, and strengthen their memory.
A brain injury that damages the muscle-controlling nerves in the brain impairs one’s speech, leaving it slurred or slowed, not loud enough to be heard, or mumbled. Speech-Language Pathologists work to restore the patient’s lip and tongue movements, improve breath support, and increase muscle strength in the mouth, jaw, tongue, and throat.
Apraxia brings about difficulty pronouncing sounds and syllables as well as sequencing and forming words, but not difficulty in knowing what they want to communicate. Speech therapy provides exercises that help the patient slow the rate of speech in order to correctly pronounce words. In severe conditions, alternative or argumentative communication devices are introduced.
After completing the majority of a speech therapy program, patients being treated for traumatic brain injury are taught compensatory strategies, strategies that focus on remaining skills and maximize them. This allows them to focus on their strengths formed through the duration of the therapy and overcome any remaining deficits caused by the injury. Compensatory strategies are employed by modifying the patient’s environment to provide them with internal support to assist them in recalling words, such as using mnemonics or imagery association, or external supports such as calendars or smart devices to act as memory aides.
Dr. Amirhassan Bahreman is the director of Neurological and Pain Institute, Inc., San Diego's leading expert on traumatic brain injury (TBI) and other neurological conditions.
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