It has been estimated that persistent pain of various origins may develop in more than 50% of persons with TBI.
An early study by Lahz and Bryant reported that persistent pain was experienced by 58% of those sustaining mild TBI and 52% of those sustaining moderate or severe TBI.
Although the most common pain problems after TBI were persistent headaches, 15–28% experienced neck, shoulder, back, upper and lower limb pains.
A multidisciplinary approach including pain management, acupuncture, interventional pain management, psychotherapy and behavioral therapy is recommended in most of the cases.
For more information, you can download a copy of this paper from The JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA.
Dr. Amirhassan Bahreman is the director of Neurological and Pain Institute, Inc., San Diego's leading expert on traumatic brain injury (TBI) and other neurological conditions.
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